One of the most formidable youth movements had begun in the country of Nepal in September 2025. A government mandate outlawing the use of social media applications and apps found many angry young people (or “Gen Z protestors” as they were often called) on the streets of Kathmandu and elsewhere in the nation, and issues of freedom, transparency, and accountability were at the core of these protests.
The Trigger: Social Media Ban
On September 4, the government issued a sweeping ban on 26 key platforms. Access to Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and X was blocked. According to government officials, the blanket ban was necessary because these companies had failed to register as domestic offices, as mandated by the new requirement. Many were more interested in the implications of the ban than the rationales behind the ban, many felt the ban was less about regulation and more about silencing voices. TikTok and Viber, the only two successful companies that complied with the requirements, will continue to operate without restriction. For young people, whose lives are dominated by the digital space for learning, work, and expression, the bans were interpreted as a direct infringement of their liberties.
Protests Erupt
By September 8, the anger went from social media to the streets. Thousands of students and young professionals began to gather at Maitighar Mandala and march toward the parliament, chanting slogans and waving makeshift banners against the ban. The protests were not solely focused on social media; they were about the very real frustrations of citizens with corruption, insufficient jobs, and the ever-growing distance between people and leaders.
As crowds grew larger, the relationship with police became strained and demonstrators found themselves in violent conflict with police. Security forces deployed tear gas, water cannons, and even live rounds against people that day. Unfortunately, dozens of people suffered violent injuries, at least 19 people lost their lives that day, and hundreds of others were hurt. There have been reports of particular violence in Kathmandu but protests had also spread to the cities such as Itahari. For many families, the protests served as a tragic memorialization of what is the cost of standing up for something, family members were either missing or had to be buried.
Government Backtracks
The scale of the demonstrations forced the government to respond. On September 9, authorities lifted the ban on social media platforms. Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli expressed regret, while the Communication Minister announced an inquiry committee to study the events. Compensation for victims’ families and medical aid for the injured were also promised.
Yet, lifting the ban did not erase public anger. Many protesters believe the government only retreated under pressure and fear similar restrictions could return. The episode has left deep scars and raised fresh questions about freedom of speech and democratic accountability in Nepal.
Why It Matters
The protests were more than just protesting Facebook or Instagram. The protests were about young people taking charge of their right to be heard. Social media isn’t merely entertainment. It can be a powerful form of education, organizing, and an overall connection to the world. When the government removed the apps, they completely underestimated the power of digital generations.
The Nepal protest of 2025 amplifies another important aspect of modern movements that can corral action quickly. Within hours, students mobilized their protest, shared action updates offline, and showed the world their struggles. It also represents the resilience of a generation who will no longer be silenced.
Looking Ahead
Nepal stands at the crossroads. The inquiry commission can suggest reforms, but whether their leaders will hear the voices of their people, if they act upon reform, remains to be seen. For Gen Zers, the protests showed that voice counts; they can get governments to move, even against violence.
The Nepal protest of 2025 will be remembered for the human tragedy that occurred, as well as the bravery of the individuals involved. While the battle was one for digital freedom, it was ultimately a battle for dignity, for democracy, and for dignity.